| Bob Marley, his actual name was Robert Nesta
Marley was born on February 6, 1945 in Nine Miles, Jamaica; † May
11 1981 in Miami, Florida) he was a Jamaican singer, guitarist and
songwriter. Marley was a founder and a major representative of reggae,
which he did from the mid-1970s with his band The Wailers internationally.
Famous songs were Buffalo Soldier, Get Up, Stand Up, I Shot the
Sheriff, No Woman No Cry, Could You Be Loved? and Stir It Up. Besides his
musical work Marley spread the message of the Rastafarian movement. For
their followers and for many people in the Third World Marley is an
important symbol of identification and personality.
In the slums of Kingston violence and despair were very common. Music
was often the only option for many young people to escape the drab of
everyday life. One of these young people was Jimmy Cliff, who had already
recorded some songs at the shy age of 14. Jimmy introduced Marley to
Leslie Kong, a local music producer. With him he recorded his first single
"Judge Not". In 1962 he released the single "One More Cup
Of Coffee" neither sold particularly well, whereupon Marley separated
from Kong.
Marley was fascinated by the music of the American Radio Stations -
soul, country, pop and rock. He especially loved Fats Domino and Ray
Charles. Due to the preference of the music he met Neville O'Reilly
Livingston (aka Bunny Wailer), and became friends with him. The two joint
a music course together, which was held by the famous Jamaican singer Joe
Higgs. In this course, they met Winston Hubert McIntosh (known as Peter
Tosh) and the three became good friends.
Together with Beverley Kelso, Junior Braithwaite and Cherry Smith they
became the group The Teenagers in 1963, (later known as The Wailing
Rudeboys, then The Wailing Wailers, and finally The Wailers). Kelso,
Braithwaite and Smith were only at the first hit single Simmer Down (1964)
involved before all three left the group in 1965.
The early songs of the band were influenced from the fast, danceable
ska . They met another musician, and producer his name was Lee Perry. With
the help of Perry they slowed the beat down a bit, and the music style
that is today known as reggae, was born. The unusual music fascinated the
audience. Marley was able to buy a car and renovate his house where he
lived with his wife, and two children. Small tours in Great Britain and
Northern Ireland and the United States followed, along with the then
completely unknown Bruce Springsteen.
In 1974, Neville and Winston left the band after disputes. Neville and
Bob stayed always amicable. Bob Marley started his solo career.
The lyrics in Bob Marley's work are of particular importance. Although
Marley has written a number of other pieces, such as love songs,
most of his songs revolve around spiritual content that is hardly to be
understood without knowledge of the Rastafarian religion. He used his
music as a medium to convey the message of Rastafari to the world.
Consequently, he has been, and is seen by many followers of this religion
as a prophet.
Marley's seemingly revolutionary songs were never politically or
socially critical, but religious and spiritual. Bob Marley always said,
that he is not interested in politics, as it was part of the Babylon
system.
By Melanie Bradley
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